Child labour is the practice of having children engage in economic activity on part time or full time basis. Child labour is a global issue associated with poverty, inadequate educational opportunities, gender inequalities and a wide range of health risks. About 22000 working children die due to occupational hazards every year, as per ILO estimates. Indian population has more than 17.5 million working children in different industries and maximum are in agricultural sector, leather industry, mining and industries etc. Children are more prone to risk than adults because of rapid skeletal growth, organ and tissue development, greater risk of hearing loss, higher chemical absorption rate etc. India has the largest number of urban and rural child workers in the world. India being a developing nation is faced with traditional public health problems like communicable diseases, malnutrition, poor environmental sanitation and inadequate medical care. Large number of children works in agriculture, manufacturing, mining and domestic service. Domestic child labourers can be victims of physical, emotional, sexual abuse. The present paper focuses on the physical and psychological hazards faced by child labour and constitutional provisions for eradication and protection of child labors health and safety.